the moon & antarctica

The Moon has a radius of 1.737 kilometers / 1.079 miles and a diameter of 3.474 km / 2.158 mi. [232] India has also expressed its hope to send people to the Moon by 2020. [47][48] Similarly, the newly formed Moon would also have been affected and had its own lunar magma ocean; its depth is estimated from about 500 km (300 miles) to 1,737 km (1,079 miles). [269], The Moon's regular phases make it a very convenient timepiece, and the periods of its waxing and waning form the basis of many of the oldest calendars. This is the coldest temperature in the Solar System ever measured by a spacecraft, colder even than the surface of Pluto. Recently, it has been suggested that a roughly 3 km (1.9 mi) diameter region of the lunar surface was modified by a gas release event about a million years ago. Our Moon is like a desert with plains, mountains, and valleys. It is the only celestial body beyond Earth—so far—visited by human beings. "[260][261], The Declaration of the Rights of the Moon was created by a group of independent researchers in 2021, drawing on precedents in the Rights of Nature movement and the concept of legal personality for non-human entities in space.[262]. A recent study of over 12000 images from the orbiter has observed that Mare Frigoris near the north pole, a vast basin assumed to be geologically dead, has been cracking and shifting. Likewise, hundreds of millions of years in the future, the Moon will no longer cover the Sun completely, and total solar eclipses will not occur. The existence of moonquakes was an unexpected discovery from seismometers placed on the Moon by Apollo astronauts from 1969 through 1972. [58] The final liquids to crystallise would have been initially sandwiched between the crust and mantle, with a high abundance of incompatible and heat-producing elements. Between 4 October 2007 and 10 June 2009, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's Kaguya (Selene) mission, a lunar orbiter fitted with a high-definition video camera, and two small radio-transmitter satellites, obtained lunar geophysics data and took the first high-definition movies from beyond Earth orbit. [234], Recent reports also indicate NASA's intent to send a woman astronaut to the Moon in their planned mid-2020s mission. The moon is Earth's only natural satellite. It is only at 384.400 km / 238.855 mi away from Earth. [71] Rock and soil samples were brought back to Earth by three Luna sample return missions (Luna 16 in 1970, Luna 20 in 1972, and Luna 24 in 1976), which returned 0.3 kg total. [108][109] Another examination of the LCROSS data showed the amount of detected water to be closer to 155 ± 12 kg (342 ± 26 lb).[110]. The next full Moon will be early Saturday morning, Feb. 27 at 3:17 AM EST. Welcome to the Farmers’ Almanac Planting Calendar, also known as Gardening by the Moon calendar.This planting calendar helps you pick the best dates for popular garden tasks—starting seeds, pruning shrubs, harvesting, weeding, and much more—according to our 200-year-old formula that relies on phases and position of the Moon. Super Full Moon: Apr 26. The moon shines bright in Earth's night sky, reflecting light from the sun. Enter your postal code to get all this information customized to your location. Some observers saw among the craters the shape of a person's face, so stories refer to a mysterious "man in the Moon." This was the first lunar soft landing since Luna 24 in 1976, and the first lunar rover mission since Lunokhod 2 in 1973. In 2001, a team at the Carnegie Institute of Washington reported the most precise measurement of the isotopic signatures of lunar rocks. [149] The full Moon's angular diameter is about 0.52° (on average) in the sky, roughly the same apparent size as the Sun (see § Eclipses). When a Full Moon is close to the apogee, it is called a Micromoon. The Moon has a radius of 1.737 kilometers / 1.079 miles and a diameter of 3.474 km / 2.158 mi. The moon is the easiest celestial object to find in the night sky — when it's there. ", "The moon has hundreds more craters than we thought", "Topography of the Lunar Poles from Radar Interferometry: A Survey of Cold Trap Locations", "Fluxes of Fast and Epithermal Neutrons from Lunar Prospector: Evidence for Water Ice at the Lunar Poles", "Character and Spatial Distribution of OH/H2O on the Surface of the Moon Seen by M3 on Chandrayaan-1", "Direct evidence of surface exposed water ice in the lunar polar regions". The Moon's current phase for today and tonight is a Waxing Crescent Phase. [240] This marked the first time that a private enterprise was given the right to do so. Longterm missions continuing to be active are some orbiters such as the 2009-launched Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter surveilling the Moon for future missions, as well as some Landers such as the 2013-launched Chang'e 3 with its Lunar Ultraviolet Telescope still operational.[242]. Later, the physical form of the Moon and the cause of moonlight became understood. [114] The ice deposits were found on the North and South poles, although it is more abundant in the South, where water is trapped in permanently shadowed craters and crevices, allowing it to persist as ice on the surface since they are shielded from the sun. [263] The ancient Sumerians believed that the Moon was the god Nanna,[264][265] who was the father of Inanna, the goddess of the planet Venus,[264][265] and Utu, the god of the sun. [264][265] Nanna was later known as Sîn,[265][264] and was particularly associated with magic and sorcery. The 1979 Moon Agreement was created to restrict the exploitation of the Moon's resources by any single nation, but as of January 2020, it has been signed and ratified by only 18 nations,[256] none of which engages in self-launched human space exploration. Apollo astronauts brought back a total of 842 pounds (382 kilograms) of lunar rocks and soil to Earth. [270][271][272] The illuminated area of the visible sphere (degree of illumination) is given by [112][113] The data revealed the distinct reflective signatures of water-ice, as opposed to dust and other reflective substances. LDEX detected an average of one 0.3 micrometer Moon dust particle each minute. [226] is the elongation (i.e., the angle between Moon, the observer (on Earth) and the Sun). [146] With time, the energy of rotation of the Moon on its axis was dissipated as heat, until there was no rotation of the Moon relative to Earth. [138] From images taken by Clementine in 1994, it appears that four mountainous regions on the rim of the crater Peary at the Moon's north pole may remain illuminated for the entire lunar day, creating peaks of eternal light. The dust stays above the Moon approximately 10 minutes, taking 5 minutes to rise, and 5 minutes to fall. He realized the upgrade could also be used closer to home. When a Full Moon is close to the perigee, it is known as a Supermoon or Super Full Moon. = The Moon has long been particularly associated with insanity and irrationality; the words lunacy and lunatic (popular shortening loony) are derived from the Latin name for the Moon, Luna. The moon orbits an average of 238,855 miles (384,400 km) from our planet — a close enough distance that gravitational forces have tidally locked it to Earth, meaning the same side always faces us, according to NASA. [105], The 2008 Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft has since confirmed the existence of surface water ice, using the on-board Moon Mineralogy Mapper. [173], Eclipses only occur when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are all in a straight line (termed "syzygy"). The Moon has a solid iron-rich inner core with a radius possibly as small as 240 kilometres (150 mi) and a fluid outer core primarily made of liquid iron with a radius of roughly 300 kilometres (190 mi). Computer simulations of giant impacts have produced results that are consistent with the mass of the lunar core and the angular momentum of the Earth–Moon system. [71] It is the largest moon in the Solar System relative to the size of its planet,[i] though Charon is larger relative to the dwarf planet Pluto, at 1/9 Pluto's mass. Because of this, the Moon's solar illumination varies much less with season, and topographical details play a crucial role in seasonal effects. [91] The radiometric ages of impact-melted rocks collected during the Apollo missions cluster between 3.8 and 4.1 billion years old: this has been used to propose a Late Heavy Bombardment of impacts. As a result, the amount of sunlight that reflects off the Moon and travels to our eyes changes every day. Below the crust is a mantle and probably a small core (roughly 340 km radius and 2% of the Moon’s mass). This observation was unexpected, because most of the material that formed the Moon was thought to come from Theia and it was announced in 2007 that there was less than a 1% chance that Theia and Earth had identical isotopic signatures. Pink Floyd - (Speak To Me - Breathe) / Any Colour You LikeA video I always wanted to make, Enjoy.Leave a comment. [235], In 2007, the X Prize Foundation together with Google launched the Google Lunar X Prize to encourage commercial endeavors to the Moon. The most obvious effect of tidal forces is to cause two bulges in the Earth's oceans, one on the side facing the Moon and the other on the side opposite. cos On 14 December 2013, Chang'e 3 landed a lunar lander onto the Moon's surface, which in turn deployed a lunar rover, named Yutu (Chinese: 玉兔; literally "Jade Rabbit"). NASA followed with a series of robotic Ranger and Surveyor spacecraftthat performed increasingly complex tasks that made it possibl… [69] The majority of these lavas erupted or flowed into the depressions associated with impact basins. The U.S. co-launched the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and the LCROSS impactor and follow-up observation orbiter on 18 June 2009; LCROSS completed its mission by making a planned and widely observed impact in the crater Cabeus on 9 October 2009,[223] whereas LRO is currently in operation, obtaining precise lunar altimetry and high-resolution imagery. {\displaystyle \scriptstyle 1.14^{2}\approx 1.30} Whether you're doing it for the nerd cred or the pie, this week on #10Things, we've got all the ways you can celebrate #PiDay with NASA. Moon, Earth ’s sole natural satellite and nearest large celestial body. [133] These gases either return into the regolith because of the Moon's gravity or are lost to space, either through solar radiation pressure or, if they are ionized, by being swept away by the solar wind's magnetic field. The 7th-century Islamic calendar is an exceptional example of a purely lunar calendar. Liquid water cannot persist on the lunar surface. Months are traditionally determined by the visual sighting of the hilal, or earliest crescent moon, over the horizon.[281]. [154] Reported as a "supermoon", this closest point coincided within an hour of a full moon, and it was 30% more luminous than when at its greatest distance because its angular diameter is 14% greater and It is speculated that these patches were the poles of the Moon billions of years ago before it was tidally locked to Earth.[147]. Many languages have beautiful words for Moon. NASA currently has three robotic spacecraft exploring the Moon — Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter and the twin ARTEMIS spacecraft (not to be confused with NASA's new Artemis program to send astronauts back to the Moon). It is designated by the symbol ☽. The moon has no atmosphere. The Moon has a very thin atmosphere called an exosphere. The tides caused by the Moon would then cause the opposite effect from before, and the Moon would get closer to the Earth. This "drains" angular momentum and rotational kinetic energy from Earth's rotation, slowing the Earth's rotation. The Moon made its film debut in a 1902 black and white silent French film called "Le Voyage Dans la Lune" ("A Trip to the Moon"). The more exact 1834–36 Mappa Selenographica of Wilhelm Beer and Johann Heinrich Mädler, and their associated 1837 book Der Mond, the first trigonometrically accurate study of lunar features, included the heights of more than a thousand mountains, and introduced the study of the Moon at accuracies possible in earthly geography. Lunar Phases, Moon/Sun Rise/Set Times. [67], The dark and relatively featureless lunar plains, clearly seen with the naked eye, are called maria (Latin for "seas"; singular mare), as they were once believed to be filled with water;[68] they are now known to be vast solidified pools of ancient basaltic lava. For today and tonight is a cold, dry orb whose surface is cratered and pitted impacts! 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